期刊名称：International Journal of Environmental Science and Development
印刷版ISSN：2010-0264
出版年度：2014
卷号：5
期号：1
页码：45-51
DOI：10.7763/IJESD.2014.V5.448
摘要：The use of a noninvasive (i.e. saliva) approach to
measure heavy metals are seen as a reliable method of
investigating heavy elements profile in humans. The main
objective of this study is to study the concentration of lead in
saliva of affected primary school children. This cross-sectional
study was carried out at two different primary schools in
Sarawak and specimens were taken from children aged
between 7 - 12 years old (n=50). A survey form consisting
demographic questions adapted from previous journals was
also used to obtain other information. All null hypotheses of this
study were rejected since the p-values showed there have a
significant association (p<0.05) for lead concentration between
exposed and non-exposed school children while except that for
the health risk assessment, where the hazard index (HI) of less
than 1 (indicating low risk). There was a mean difference of
lead concentration in exposed and non-exposed primary school
children. There was an also significant difference for Primary 1,
Primary 2 and Primary 5 standard children.
关键词：Lead (Pb); lead concentration; saliva; hazard index (HI)
