期刊名称：WAAC Newsletter / Western Association for Art Conservation
电子版ISSN：1052-0066
出版年度：2010
卷号：32
期号：3
出版社：Western Association for Art Conservation (WAAC)
摘要：Pemu len can be used two ways. While it always gels an aqueous solution, it can function as an ersatz surfactant, as demonstrated in the Holy Inno cents Mural Project, and it can b e used to build and stabilize an emulsion. While build- in g an emulsion that would stay togeth er for more than a few seconds used to be a matter of luck and trial and error, Pemu len makes it work almost every time. By combining Pemulen with the MCP, one can make a ran ge of emulsions with different properties very quickly. As with the other modules of the MCP, this allows for more th orough testin g and, hopefully, finding the best formula. The trick to in tegrating Pemulen into the MCP is making stock Pemulen gels that are concentrated and pre-set to the pHs of interest. In practical terms, a gel concentrate made at twice (2x) the desired working concentration seems to work best. A 2x concentrate can be easily mixed with other aqueous components but still allows the addition o f two additional components (surfactant, chelating agent, ionic strength bu ffer).
