When the meme first emerged in the late 1990s, Semantic Web stood for logical data processing on the foundation of World Wide Web technology. One of its roots reached back to the 1955 meme of artificial intelligence , with its notion “that every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can in principle be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it.” [ 1 , p. 12] The Semantic Web specifications developed by the World Wide Web Consortium from the late 1990s through the mid-2000s – the Resource Description Framework (RDF) and the Web Ontology Language (OWL) – were anchored in the notion of ontology as a “formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization” as supported by the field of ontology engineering.