标题：Rekonstruktion der Waldentwicklung aus Forsteinrichtungswerken und historischen Karten - Ein Beitrag zur Untersuchung des Landnutzungswandels in der Nationalparkregion Sächsische Schweiz
出版社：Arbeitsgemeinschaft Forstliche Standorts- und Vegetationskunde (AFSV)
摘要：Forest is commonly perceived as a natural landscape element, which, in contrast to other anthropogenic forms of land use, persists over long periods of time. Yet the woodlands of Central Europe have in fact undergone major structural transformations as a repercussion of centuries of shifting land use. Using historical and current forest management plans as well as other historical maps, such changes have been analysed to a high spatial precision for the national park region of Saxon Switzerland over the timeframe of the past two hundred years. The main purpose of this work is to check the suitability of historical forest maps for digitization, and thereafter to analyze the resulting datasets to derive new information on the structural changes of woodland. The conclusions were linked to findings on spatial changes in forest cover within the Saxon Switzerland national park. The results show that the generated data can be used as a basis for the spatial-statistic analysis of woodland development, resulting in quantitative as well as qualitative statements on structural changes as well as changes in patterns of forest usage. Analyses based on historical topographic maps show that in the period from 1780 until today the extent of forest coverage has dropped only minimally from 60 % to 56 %. However, some large-scale felling of woodland can be observed at the edges of clearings as well as reductions in small, isolated stands situated in open land. On the other hand, reforestation measures are evident in former small glades within large closed stands. A comparison of the relative coverage of individual age classes and groups of tree species as derived from forest maps produced quantifiable statements on developments such as the increase of old-age stands in the national park or a reduction of silver fir over the entire national park region. High-resolution analyses were undertaken in order to detect changes in the distribution of the various tree species, for example allowing a reconstruction of the developments leading to the currently very low occurrence of silver fir. Such analyses also pinpoint which tree species have replaced the traditional silver fir found in this area. Results show that the intensification of forest management at the beginning of last century created stands which were little suited to the respective location. In the meantime, however, we can detect structural changes in terms of the composition of species and age classes towards a near-natural state. A considerable benefit of such investigations is that generated data can be used to scrutinize the formulation of development goals as well as supporting the planning of forest maintenance and development.
关键词：GIS ; landscape change; hi storical old forests ; Sa xony
