摘要：A sk¨®ciai Cramond r¨®mai er. d¨ªt¨¦seib. l felsz¨ªnre hozott ¨¦telhullad¨¦k elemz¨¦sekor k¨¹l.n.s s¨¦r¨¹l¨¦s nyomait siker¨¹lt felfedezni egy kifejlett szarvasmarha m¨¢sodik nyakcsigoly¨¢j¨¢nak (epistropheus) bels. fel¨¹let¨¦n. A vizsg¨¢lt epistropheus"fog" r¨¦sz¨¦nek perem¨¦n f¨¦m peng¨¦vel ejtett finom s¨¦r¨¹l¨¦sek az ¨¢llat saj¨¢tos lev¨¢g¨¢si m¨®dj¨¢ra utalnak: az els. ¨¦s a m¨¢sodik nyakcsigolya k.z.tti ny¨ªl¨¢son kereszt¨¹l a v¨¦dtelen gerincvel. viszonylag k.nnyen ¨¢tv¨¢ghat¨® volt. A f¨¦mmel ejtett finom v¨¢g¨¢snyomok rendk¨ªv¨¹l hasonl¨ªtanak a n¨¦pv¨¢ndorl¨¢s kori lovak ugyanezen csigoly¨¢j¨¢n m¨¢r kor¨¢bban le¨ªrt elv¨¢ltoz¨¢shoz, amelyet az ¨¢ldozati ¨¢llatok lev¨¢g¨¢s¨¢val hoztak .sszef¨¹gg¨¦sbe. Viszonylag v¨¦dett anat¨®miai helyzet¨¹kn¨¦l fogva kev¨¦sb¨¦ val¨®sz¨ªn., hogy ezek a v¨¢g¨¢snyomok a m¨¢r meg.lt ¨¢llat sz¨¦tbont¨¢sakor keletkeztek, mert k¨¹l.nb.znek a c¨¦ltudatos post mortem feldarabol¨¢s nyakcsigoly¨¢kon ejtett nyomait¨®l. Ezt a m¨®dszert bikaviadalokon kegyelemd.f¨¦sk¨¦nt mindm¨¢ig alkalmazz¨¢k, elegend. hozz¨¢ egy kicsiny, mintegy 10 cm pengehossz¨²s¨¢g¨² k¨¦s, a puntilla. A dolgozat kit¨¦r a m¨®dszer m¨¢s n¨¦prajzi p¨¢rhuzamaira is
其他摘要：A peculiar type of injury observed on the second cervical vertebra (epistropheus) of an adult cattle in the animal bone assemblage from the Roman fort at Cramond, Scotland, bears a striking resemblance to similar traumatic lesions previously described in Migration Period sacrificial horses. Transversal metal cut marks observed on the dens epistrophei of the cattle specimen under discussion here are consistent with the possibility that the animal was disposed of by severing the spine through the dorsal intervertebral space between the atlas and epistropheus. Due to their relatively hidden anatomical position such cut marks are unlikely to have been post mortem, as targeted dismemberment leaves different traces on the cervical vertebrae. This way of killing is still being practiced in contemporary bull fights as a coup de grace using a small knife called the puntilla. Ethnographic parallels to this method are also briefly discussed
关键词：R¨¦G¨¦SZETI ¨¢LLATTAN ; ¨¢LDOZATI ¨¢LLATV¨¢G¨¢S ; R¨®MAI KOR ; SK¨®CIA
其他关键词：ARCHAEOZOOLOGY ; SACRIFICIAL ANIMAL SLAUGHTER ; ROMAN ; PERIOD ; SCOTLAND
