标题：A díszítő kovácshegesztés (pattern-welding) szerepe 2-10. századi kard- és késpengékben – korhűen rekonstruált vasanyagok maratási vizsgálata = The role of pattern-welding in 2-10th century knife and sword blades – etching tests on reconstructed materials
摘要：A d¨ªsz¨ªt. kov¨¢cshegeszt¨¦s (.pattern-welding") technol¨®gi¨¢ja a r¨¦teges kompozit (.piled composite") k¨¦sz¨ªt¨¦s¨¦b. l fejl.d.tt ki, amelynek sor¨¢n felv¨¢ltva egym¨¢sra helyezett l¨¢gyvas ¨¦s ac¨¦l lapokat kov¨¢cshegeszt¨¦ssel hoztak anyagz¨¢r¨® kapcsolatba. A 2-10. sz¨¢zad k.z.tt d¨ªsz¨ªt. kov¨¢cshegeszt¨¦ssel k¨¦sz¨¹lt kard ¨¦s k¨¦speng¨¦kn¨¦l, a szebb mint¨¢zat el¨¦r¨¦se ¨¦rdek¨¦ben, foszforvas ¨¦s ¨²n. l¨¢gyvas, vagy ac¨¦l kombin¨¢ci¨®j¨¢val dolgoztak. A fel¨¹let kik¨¦sz¨ªt¨¦se sor¨¢n marat¨¢ssal tett¨¦k szabad szemmel l¨¢that¨®v¨¢ a r¨¦tegeket. Jelen cikkben v¨¢laszt keres¨¹nk a k¨¦rd¨¦sre: Vajon milyen anyagp¨¢ros¨ªt¨¢ssal ¨¦s milyen marat¨¢si technol¨®gi¨¢val volt el¨¦rhet. a legmark¨¢nsabb, legkontrasztosabb mint¨¢zat a d¨ªsz¨ªt. kov¨¢cshegeszt¨¦s eset¨¦ben. Gyepvas¨¦rc koh¨®s¨ªt¨¢s¨¢val vasbuc¨¢kat ¨¢ll¨ªtottunk el., amelyekb.l k¨¹l.nb.z. anyagp¨¢ros¨ªt¨¢sok mellett d¨ªsz¨ªt. kov¨¢cshegeszt¨¦ssel pr¨®batesteket kov¨¢csoltunk. A pr¨®batestekb. l vett mint¨¢kb¨®l k¨¦sz¨ªtett metallogr¨¢fiai csiszolatokon marat¨¢si k¨ªs¨¦rleteket v¨¦gezt¨¹nk hat k¨¹l.nb.z. , a 2-10. sz¨¢zad k.z.tt el¨¦rhet., vagy esetleg el¨¦rhet. savval, k¨¦t k¨¹l.nb.z. t.m¨¦nys¨¦g, h. m¨¦rs¨¦klet ¨¦s marat¨¢si id. mellett. A maratott fel¨¹letr. l f¨¦nyk¨¦peket k¨¦sz¨ªtett¨¹nk, amelyeket k¨¦pfeldolgoz¨® szoftverrel ¨¦rt¨¦kelt¨¹nk ki, ¨ªgy a k¨¹l.nb.z. r¨¦tegek kontrasztoss¨¢ga ¨¦s egyazon r¨¦teg sz¨ªn¨¦nek homogenit¨¢sa alapj¨¢n, objekt¨ªv m¨®don rangsoroltuk .ket. A legmark¨¢nsabb mint¨¢zatot a foszforvas ¨¦s nemes¨ªtett ac¨¦l kombin¨¢ci¨®j¨¢n, 20%-os t.m¨¦nys¨¦g. , 70¡ãC-os h.m¨¦rs¨¦klet. s¨®savval t.rt¨¦n. 10 m¨¢sodperces marat¨¢s mellett tapasztaltuk
其他摘要：Pattern-welding is a well-known technique that was widely employed in sword-manufacturing. The pattern- welding technique derives from piled composites in which the deliberate piling of steel and wrought iron together was employed. During the 2-10th century, the base material for typical pattern-welding was not steel, as it is often supposed, but phosphoric iron; the combination of phosphoric iron and wrought iron or steel was widely used. The surface pattern became visible after etching. In this paper we try to find the answer for the question: In which material combination and etching technology did the most contrastive and visible pattern in pattern-welded objects appear. We smelted iron blooms of different base material (phosphoric iron, wrought iron and steel), from which pattern welded specimens were forged. We carried out etching tests on metallographic samples cut out of the pattern welded specimens using six different acids (which could be available in the 2-10th century) under two different conditions concerning acid concentration, temperature and etching time. Macro images were taken of the etched surface. The histograms of the images were analysed using Photoshop CS3. Based on the contrast difference between the two layers and the homogeneity of the colour of each layer a preference list of the material combination and etching technology could be made. The most visible pattern appeared after the etching of the pattern welded sample made of the combination of phosphoric iron and tempered steel using 20% hydrochloric acid for 10sec on 70¡ãC
