标题：Results of non-destructive SEM-EDX and PGAA analyses of jade and eclogite polished stone tools in Hungary = Magyarországi jade és eklogit nyersanyagú csiszolt kőeszközök roncsolásmentes vizsgálatának eredményei
摘要：Jelenlegi ismereteink szerint a nagynyom¨¢s¨² (HP) metaofiolit nyersanyag¨² eszk.z.k igen csek¨¦ly sz¨¢mban tal¨¢lhat¨®k meg a magyarorsz¨¢gi csiszolt k.eszk.z.k leletegy¨¹tteseiben. Vizsg¨¢latuk az¨¦rt kiemelked. fontoss¨¢g¨², mert nyersanyaguk a K¨¢rp¨¢t-medenc¨¦ben, ¨¦s annak k.zvetlen k.rnyezet¨¦ben nem tal¨¢lhat¨® meg. Legk.zelebbi, a neolitikumban bizony¨ªtottan felhaszn¨¢lt nyersanyagforr¨¢suk Magyarorsz¨¢g jelenlegi ter¨¹let¨¦t. l t.bb, mint 1000 km t¨¢vols¨¢gban tal¨¢lhat¨®, ami, az eszk.z.k formavil¨¢g¨¢t is figyelembe v¨¦ve, arra utal, hogy ezek az eszk.z.k kereskedelmi ¨²tvonalakon, haszn¨¢latra k¨¦sz term¨¦kk¨¦nt ¨¦rkeztek r¨¦g¨¦szeti lel. hely¨¹kre. Magyarorsz¨¢gi jelenl¨¦t¨¹kre a Mih¨¢ldy- ¨¦s az Ebenh.ch-gy. jtem¨¦nyek k.zettani szempont¨² feldolgoz¨¢sa sor¨¢n der¨¹lt f¨¦ny (Friedel et al. 2008, Szakm¨¢ny et al. 2013). 2013-ban ¨¦s 2014-ben tov¨¢bbi leletek ker¨¹ltek el. k¨¹l.nb.z. m¨²zeumok gy.jtem¨¦nyeib. l, a JADE2 program keret¨¦ben v¨¦gzett szisztematikus kutat¨¢sok eredm¨¦nyek¨¦ppen. A leletek legnagyobb r¨¦sze a Dun¨¢nt¨²lr¨®l ker¨¹lt el. , mind.ssze egy darab sz¨¢rmazik az orsz¨¢g keleti r¨¦sz¨¦b.l ( 3. ¨¢bra ). H¨¦t darab k.eszk.z ker¨¹lt el. r¨¦szletesen dokument¨¢lt r¨¦g¨¦szeti ¨¢sat¨¢sb¨®l (Zeng. v¨¢rkony (3), Szombathely Oladi plat¨® (2), Als¨®ny¨¦k (1), Gorzsa (1), a t.bbi sz¨®rv¨¢nylelet. Lel.helyeik ¨¦s legfontosabb adataik megtal¨¢lhat¨®k az 1. t¨¢bl¨¢zatban. Ebben a munk¨¢nkban a Szakm¨¢ny ¨¦s munkat¨¢rsai (2013) cikkben ismertetett 3 k.eszk.z.n fel¨¹l 10 tov¨¢bbi HP metaofiolit nyersanyag¨² k.eszk.zt mutatunk be r¨¦szletesen (1. ¨¢bra). Munk¨¢nk sor¨¢n kiz¨¢r¨®lag roncsol¨¢smentes analitikai m¨®dszereket haszn¨¢ltunk. Eredm¨¦nyeink alapj¨¢n k. zetsz.veti, ¨¢sv¨¢ny- ¨¦s teljes k. zet k¨¦miai adatok seg¨ªts¨¦g¨¦vel a nemzetk.zi archeometriai szakirodalomban tal¨¢lhat¨® feloszt¨¢s alapj¨¢n csoportos¨ªtjuk a leleteket. Eredm¨¦nyeink j¨®l egyeznek az ¨¦szaknyugat Olaszorsz¨¢g ter¨¹let¨¦r.l le¨ªrt k.eszk.z.k adataival (D'Amico et al. 2003, D'Amico 2012, P¨¦trequin et al. 2012), ¨ªgy az ¨¢ltalunk vizsg¨¢lt k.eszk.z.k nyersanyag¨¢nak forr¨¢ster¨¹lete feltehet.leg megegyezik azok¨¦val. Ezek els.dleges el.fordul¨¢sa a Monviso, Voltri ill. az ¨¦Ny-i Appenninek ter¨¹lete ¨¦s m¨¢sodlagosan az ezekr. l a ter¨¹letekr. l lepusztult, majd a negyedid.szakban ¨¢thalmoz¨®dott ¨¦s a P¨® s¨ªks¨¢gon, valamint a Curone ¨¦s a Staffora foly¨®k k.rnyezet¨¦ben lerak¨®dott konglomer¨¢tumok kavicsanyaga (D'Amico et al. 2003, D'Amico & Starnini 2006, 2012, P¨¦trequin et al. 2012).
其他摘要：Good quality high pressure (HP) metaophiolites suitable for making stone implements, like jade and eclogite, are geologically absent in the Carpathian Basin and its surroundings. Therefore this raw material type was unknown among Hungarian findings for a long time, and henceforward this is one of the rarest types of raw material of polished stone implements in Hungary. Their investigation is very important because of their scarcity and distant origin. The nearest geological locality where these raw materials can be found is over 1000 kms away. The specific form and integrity of these stone implements indicate that they were transported as complete (finished) artefacts. Petrological investigations of large collections (Mih¨¢ldy and Ebenh.ch collections) revealed their presence among Hungarian findings (Friedel et al. 2008, Szakm¨¢ny et al. 2013). In 2013 and 2014, several new pieces of HP stone implements were found in museums of Hungary, most of them from known archaeological context. Most samples were found in Transdanubia, only one piece turned up in Eastern Hungary ( Fig. 3. ). The 7 pieces of known archaeological context are from four localities (Zeng. v¨¢rkony (3), Szombathely Oladi plat¨® (2), Als¨®ny¨¦k (1), Gorzsa (1)). Other pieces are stray finds. The localities and the main features of the tools are summarized in Table 1 . In addition to the 3 pieces presented in Szakm¨¢ny et al. 2013, 10 pieces of stone implements made of HP metaophiolites are presented in this work ( Fig. 1. ). Only non-destructive analytical methods were used in this study. Stone implements were divided into raw material type groups based on their mineral chemical and bulk rock analytical data. Our results are corresponding to results on HP metaophiolites of North-western Italy, obtained both on geological and archaeological samples (D'Amico et al. 2003, D'Amico 2012, P¨¦trequin et al. 2012). Based upon these facts, the HP metaophiolite stone implements in Hungary probably originated from the same raw material sources as Italian (and other Western European) HP metaophiolite stone tools. According to technical literature, these primary sources can be the Monviso, the Voltri Massif and secondary in the resedimented Oligocene conglomerates in Quaternary of River Po, Staffora and Curone equally (D'Amico et al. 2003, D'Amico & Starnini 2006, 2012, P¨¦trequin et al. 2012).
