期刊名称：Research in Physical Education, Sport and Health
印刷版ISSN：1857-8152
出版年度：2013
卷号：2
期号：2
页码：73-79
出版社：Faculty of Physical Culture, Skopje
摘要：The structure of motor space in children is one of the essential issues in kinesiology, especially from the aspect of PE teaching process and requirements for adaptation of PE contents to children`s individual possibilities. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the structure of motor space of 7 year old children. The research was conducted at a sample of 123 seven year old children, pupils in second grade in four primary schools in Skopje. The study was realized applying 33 motor tests for estimation of nine motor abilities. The structure of motor space was determined using factor analyses. Obtained results suggest on existence of ten latent dimensions named as: preciseness with throwing objects with hand, speed with change of direction or agility, static strength, factor for precise and explosive movements, coordinated fast movements with legs and trunk, repetitive strength, frequency of movement with legs, balance and two undefined factors (F9 and F10). Isolated factor and their manifestation are highly influenced by the development characteristics and changes specific for the researched period of age.
关键词：motor abilities; structure; seven year old children; factor analysis. ; var currentpos;timer; function initialize() { timer=setInterval("scrollwindow()";10);} function sc(){clearInterval(timer); }function scrollwindow() { currentpos=document.body.scrollTop; window.scroll(0;++currentpos); if (currentpos != document.body.scrollTop) sc();} document.onmousedown=scdocument.ondblclick=initialize and become pupils; are the basic motives of con ; - ; ception of this paper. Therefore; the aim of this ; paper is to determine motor abilities and the struc ; - ; ture of motor space in 7 year old children. ; Previous findings; supported by information ; obtained from the available literature lead to the ; conclusion that the structure of motor space of ; children in the early school period; including the ; seven year old children; is not clearly determined ; and it is not precisely defined. The structure of ; motor space of children was studied applying two ; researched models: the structured model (Metiko. ; et al; 1989) and the functional model; or model of ; hierarchic structure (Kureli ; . ; et al; 1975). In studies ; with young children; the model of structure was ; applied in the researches of Dukovski; 1984; ; Rausavljevi ; . ; ; 1992; Peri ; . ; ; 1991; Rajtmajer&Proje; ; 1990; Pisot&Planinsec;2005; Pej ; . ; i ; . ; & Malacko; ; 2005; Popeska; 2009; 2011. Results from these ; researches point out existence of multiple motor ; abilities; which have not yet been clearly differ ; - ; enced; which are representative of several poten ; - ; tial abilities that have a tendency to be self-isolat ; - ; ed. Results obtained using the functional model; ; applied in the researches of Bala; 1981; 2002;2003; ; 2005; Zurc & Strojnik.; 2005; Sabo & Popovi ; . ; ; ; 2005; Lasan;et all; 2005 indicate the existence of ; general structure of motor space in children; ; defined according to the influence of regulatory ; mechanisms represented by a small number of iso ; - ; lated factors. In this research; we use the structur ; - ; al model as a starting point; while in the interpre ; - ; tation and discussion of results; it is complement ; - ; ed by findings and results obtained by a functional ; hierarchical model. ; METHOD OF WORK ; The main issue of this study is to determine the ; structure of motor space of 7 year old children. For ; that purpose; we conducted a research on a sample ; of 123 examinees; seven year old male children; ; pupils in the second grade in four primary schools ; in Skopje; Republic of Macedonia. Motor abilities ; were determined applying 33 motor tests; hypo ; - ; thetically used for estimation of nine motor abili ; - ; ties. ; The age and possibilities of the children; tasks ; and requirements similar to the contents of PE cur ; - ; ricula; were used as main criteria in selection of the ; tests. Notes and recommendations from the ; researchers that previously applied and modified ; these test with children are implemented in the ; research procedure (Peri ; . ; ; D. 1991; Dukovski; ; 1984; Pisot & Planinsec; 2005; Bala; 1981; 1999; ; Popeska; 2009; 2011). Following motor tests were ; used: [1] CO ¨C ORDINATION: Co ¨C ordination ; with stick (KOPAL); Obstacle course backwards ; (KOPON); Two balls slalom rolling (KOSL2); ; Rolling with ball on floor (KOTRT); [2] SPEED ; OF RUNNING:10m running from flying start ; (BT10LS); running 4 ; §ç ; 10(BT4 ; §ç ; 10); Cries ¨C cross ; running 4 ; §ç ; 5 ; §Þ ; (BTZMT); [3] FREQUENCY OF ; MOVEMENT: Arm plate ¨C tapping (BSTAR); One ; foot - tapping(BSTAN); Both feet ¨C tapping on ; wall (BSTNZ); [4] EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH: ; Standing broad jump (ESSDM); Throwing medi ; - ; cine ball 1 kg from standing position (ESFMST); ; Throwing medicine ball 1 kg from sitting position ; (ESFMG) ; §Ú ; 20m dash running (ES20VS); [5] ; REPETITIVE STRENGTH: Modified pushups ; (RSSKL); Sit-ups(RSPTR); Trunk lift (PSITR); ; Hands pulling over the diagonal Swedish bench ; (RSVKK); [6] STATIC STRENGTH: Bent arms ; hang (SSVZG); Horizontal hold lying on stomach ; (SSZLM); Horizontal hold lying on back ; (SSZLG); [7] FLEXIBILITY: Deep bend on bench ; (FLDPK); Both legs extension lying on bag ; (FLRLG); Legs extended forward bend on floor ; (FLPRP); [8] BALANCE: Walking on upturned ; Swedish bench (RAOSK); Standing on bench in ; width (RASKS); Standing on bench in length ; (RASKD) and [9] PRECISENESS: Throwing cir ; - ; cles on stick (PIOBS);Throwing tennis ball in ver ; - ; tical goal with arm (PITET); Throwing ball in hor ; - ; izontal goal with arm (PITHC); Throwing ball in ; vertical goal with leg (PIVCN); Leading with short ; stick (PVGKS); Leading with short stick ; (PVGKD). ; The structure of motor space is determined ; using factor analysis. The intercorelation matrix of ; applied motor tests is factorized using the ; Hotteling procedure. Ten significant roots were ; isolated applying Gutman - Kaiser criteria. Results ; obtained from the main components are further ; rotated applying varimax; oblimin and promax ; rotation. In further interpretation of the results; we ; used factor analysis applied in promax rotation. ; RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ; Using Hotteling method of main components; ; applied at results obtained from measurements of 7 ; year old male children; we isolated 10 latent ; Popovska B..; et. al..: ; MOTOR ABILITIES AT 7 YEARS ; ... ; PESH 2(2013) 2:73-79 ; 74
