摘要：Historically, traditional African societies had operated complex religious and cultural belief systems using tra- ditional norms, folklore, myths, and taboos to conserve critical natural resources (Ntiamoa-Baidu, 1995; Attu- quayefio and Fobil, 2005). Such belief systems were thought to be primarily effective because local people feared incurring the wrath of divine deities or ancestral spirits, rather than their positive influence on natural resource management (Gyasi, 1997). The introduction of nationally-managed introduced wildlife conservation systems (protected area) in Africa often resulted in con- flicts between government officials and local rural com- munities, because the latter felt largely ignored or dis- placed by governments and often encroached into such protected areas to indulge in illegal hunting, farming and other sustainable activities. The indigenous people felt deprived of their inalienable rights to their livelihoods (Corbin, 1999).
