摘要：On December 31, 1915, the newly formed American Association of University Professors (AAUP) and its Committee on Academic Freedom and Academic Tenure accepted a set of guidelines designed to shape the organization and its work to protect academics against the termination power of their employer-universities. The “General Declaration of Principles,” drafted by approximately a dozen educators who were called from universities across the country, begins with a decided focus on the rights of individuals within the academy: “The term ‘academic freedom’ has traditionally had two applications,” the language reads at the start, “to the freedom of the teacher and to that of the student . . . .” With that, in a very real way in the United States, academic freedom began. And its very first focus was, not surprisingly, given the authors, on the protection of the teacher.
关键词：academic duty; academic freedom; American Association of University Professors; AAUP; First Amendment
