摘要：This paper examines the patterns of knowledge flow from European Union countries, Japan and the United States to a selection of emerging countries from Latin America and Asia in the pharmaceutical industry, using patent citation as an indicator. A knowledge diffusion model was estimated with data based on USPTO patents granted to resident and non-resident holders in this technological field. Technological proximity of Latin Ame - rican and Asian countries vis-à-vis the United States was found to be lower due to the fact that the quantity of citable patents is much greater than that coming from the Euro - pean Union and Japan. Even though geographically Mexico is the closest country to the 32 G. A. Guzmán Chávez and H. Gómez Víquez / Contaduría y Administración 60 (S1) 31-56
关键词：Patent citations0; Knowledge flow; Technological proximity; Pharmaceutical industry; Korea; China; India Argentina; Brazil; Mexico. Cita de patentes; Flujos...
