The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between market power and capital structure. This study will further provide a logical explanation towards the factors affecting capital structure. This study analysed 176 non-financial Pakistani companies listed on Karachi Stock Exchange over the period of 2003–2012. Capital structure has been tried to investigate with a different perspective by investigating its association with market power. It has been seen that there is a significant and positive relation between market power and capital structure. Size and liquidity remained significantly negative with capital structure, whereas profitability and dividend payout remained significantly positive with capital structure. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the relationship between market power and capital structure in any developing economy by employing the data of non-financial Pakistani firms.