In recent years, food safety problems have become increasingly serious in China, and major food safety accidents have seriously affected people's daily lives, having negative influence on the healthy development of the food industry and the whole economy. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse existing problems of food safety, further study the main cause of frequent incidents of food safety, and propose the corresponding countermeasures. In the economic analysis, both the production efficiency and environment efficiency have been discussed. According to the changes of farmer-household's production and resident's consumption, factors influencing production and consumption behaviour related to food safety have been analysed empirically, and the economic and policy meaning of the results have been summarized