标题：Reflexiones en torno a la caracterización tecnotipológica del yacimiento de Bañugues (Asturias, España) en el marco del Paleolítico medio del norte de la Península Ibérica
其他标题：Reflections around the techno-typological characterization of Bañugues site (Asturias, Spain) within the Middle Palaeolithic framework of northern Iberian Peninsula
摘要：El yacimiento de Bañugues es un referente en el estudio de las primeras ocupaciones humanas cantábricas. Descubierto en la década delos años 60, y excavado en los años 70, este yacimiento supuso un hito en el estudio del Paleolítico antiguo cantábrico, al ser el primer yacimientoexcavado en un contexto al aire libre. Tras algunas notas y artículos publicados a finales de los años 70 y en los primeros años 80, referentes alas intervenciones del año 1977 y a las colecciones de superficie, los resultados de la excavación en extensión efectuada en 1979 han permanecidoinéditos hasta la actualidad. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis completo del conjunto lítico recuperado en Bañugues (1977 y 1979),así como una reflexión sobre el conjunto industrial y las colecciones existentes. De este modo cerramos el debate sobre la adscripción cronoculturaldel conjunto lítico, que ha oscilado entre su asignación al Achelense y su definitivo encuadre en el Paleolítico medio. Nuevos análisis, nuevosestudios y una completa revisión de este sitio arqueológico, sirven para cerrar las investigaciones iniciadas en la década de los años 70 delpasado siglo.
其他摘要：Bañugues archaeological site is an example in the studies of Cantabrian first human occupation. This site was found in the sixties, excavatedin the seventies, and was a landmark in the Cantabrian Early Palaeolithic research, because it was the first open air site excavated with this chronology.Some notes and papers about the fieldworks developed in 1977 and the surface lithic collection were published in the end of seventiesand in the beginning of eighties, but the results of the fieldworks carried out in 1977 in an open area, have been unpublished until the present day.In this paper, we show the complete analysis of the lithic assemblage of Bañugues (1977 & 1979), as a reflexion about the lithic industries (excavationsand private collections). This lithic assemblage was considered as a model for Late Acheulean industries in the Cantabrian region, duringa long time. In this framework, its chronostratigraphical position (supposed in OIS 5e) and their technotypological features played an importantrole. Today, and after making a strong review, we think that this archaeological site should be placed in a Middle Palaeolithic context (maybe EarlyMiddle Palaeolithic). Secondly, from a geomorphological point of view, we must forget any relationship between the sedimentary deposit and aneemian marine terrace. Concerning this topic, we do not accept a relative chronology within OIS 5e; that affirmation is wrong. Actually, Bañuguesis placed in a slope deposit (debris flow), which was moved from a higher position to its currently placementOn the other hand, as a result of this study, we also contemplate an historiographical discussion, in which we analyse key concepts to understandthis type of archaeological sites: Mousterian of Acheulean Tradition, Vasconian, Southern Acheulean or Upper Cantabrian Acheulean.These names, traditionally used to name mousterian assemblages with cleavers and handaxes or also to talk about open air sites with macro-tools,flake-tools, and Levallois pieces, are the result of the high difficulty to distinguish between Lower Palaeolithic and Middle Palaeolithic.This issue should be simplified, trying not forget about the connotation of this discussion and all the preexisting periodizations; Middle palaeolithic,in some cases. The scarce number of sites that we know in the Cantabrian region - with chronologies contemporaneous or previous toOIS 5- is a sign of this subject. The basis of the organization of this subject, on which we considerer that in an advanced stage of Ancient CantabrianPalaeolithic exists a period that we named ‘Early Middle Palaeolithic’, is exposed in some works (Álvarez Alonso, 2011; 2012; 2014).Thereby, with this paper we close the debate about the chronocultural attribution of the lithics of Bañuges, which have changed its considerationfrom the Acheulean to the last definition within Early Middle Palaeolithic. New analysis, new studies and a complete review in this archaeologicalsite, are enough allow us to close the researches began in the seventies of past century.
关键词：Bifaz; Hendedor; Levallois; Musteriense; Región Cantábrica
其他关键词：Handaxe; Cleaver; Levallois; Mousterian; Cantabrian region
