摘要：La presencia de estructuras de fondo rehundido en contextos arqueológicos altomedievales está ampliamente documentada en toda Europay cuenta con una dilatada historiografía. En la Península Ibérica, asociado a la expansión urbanística, se ha podido detectar un conjuntomuy significativo de estas estructuras. Sin embargo, la falta de sistematización y análisis ha llevado a algunos problemas en su detección ydocumentación, así como a excesos conceptuales y de interpretación. En este trabajo se realiza una recopilación analítica de las evidenciasde estructuras de fondo rehundido de época altomedieval presentes en la Península Ibérica mostrando su alta complejidad y diversidad. Basadoen un análisis de la evidencia disponible, y frente a las tesis etnicistas que las vinculan a la llegada de grupos alóctonos, se proponeuna interpretación relacionada con el desarrollo de un modo de producción campesino tras la desarticulación de la economía imperial romana
其他摘要：The presence of sunken featured buildings in early medieval contexts is well documented throughout Europe and has been the object ofmany studies. The urban expansion and further development of commercial archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula has allowed for the recordingof a very significant amount of these structures, as almost five hundred samples have been excavated during the last twenty five years. Thanksto this we can now compare the Iberian case to the processes documented elsewhere in Europe. However, the data has not been properly systematizedand analysed, something which has dragged the detection and documentation of similar structures and has also given place to interpretativeexcesses. The main aim of this paper is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of this type of structure building on all the evidencethat is currently available, as well as to propose and interpretation of its appearance, and eventual disappearance, in the context of the EarlyMiddle Ages in the Iberian Peninsula. It is divided in three parts. In the first one, some conceptual considerations regarding a critical review ofthe different names used for this type of structure will be made, proposing the use of the expression “sunken featured building”. The taphonomicalprocesses that might affect this type of structures, sometimes significantly distorting them, will also be considered. In the second part ananalysis of all the available empirical evidence is made. For this, three complementary criteria have been chosen: typological, structural andspatial. The analysis demonstrates that the development of this type domestic architecture in the Iberian Peninsula during Early Middle Ageswas very diverse. The evidence shows a very marked typological and structural variability in the chaînes opératoires that were followed in theirconstruction. At the same time, it shows that there existed common patterns in their spatial location within the sites. In order to discern the peculiarcharacteristics of the Iberian case study, some comparisons in a European scale, mainly with study cases from England, France, Italyand Iceland, will be made. Finally, a discussion on the historical context of the appearance and disappearance of this structure will be made,proposing an interpretation related with the gradual development of a peasant mode of production materialized after the disarticulation ofroman imperial economy in the fifth century. Some reflections on the interpretations that link the appearance of this type of buildings to the arrivalof foreign ethnic groups in the sixth century will also be made.
关键词：Arquitectura doméstica altomedieval; Arqueología de la arquitectura; Arqueología de las aldeas; Alta Edad Media; Sociedades;campesinas
其他关键词：Early Middle Age household architecture; Household archaeology; Village archaeology; Early Middle Ages; Peasant societies
