期刊名称：International Journal on Research and Development : A Management Review
印刷版ISSN：2319-5479
出版年度：2014
卷号：3
期号：3
页码：29-44
出版社：Institute for Research and Development India
摘要：After Africa, our country India occupies second position in the world, so far as tribal (adivasi or original inhabitants or primitive or aboriginal) population is concerned. The per cent of tribal population to total population is 8.08 per cent in 2001 census. According to 2001 census, a total of 432 tribal communities reside in our country but the Department of Tribal development, Government of India, recorded 613 tribes live in our country. Out of 432 scheduled tribes with different socio- economic spectrum 62 live in Odisha. As per the constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, issued under Article 342 of the Constitution of India, 42 tribes of Orissa as listed in that order were deemed to be ST population in Orissa. In 1956, the number of ST community status had extended from 42 to 62 in the ST list. Out of 62 ST communities in Odisha 13 communities considered as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups(PVTG) they were previously known as Primitive Tribal Groups (PTG), which includes Bonda, Chuktia Bhunjia, Didayi, Dongria Kandha, Juang, Kharia, Kutia Kandha, Lanjia Soara, Lodha, Mankadiya, Paudi Bhuyan, and Souras. During1951census 212 communities were enumerated as ST, raised to 427 in 1961 and since1971 and onwards 432 tribal communities have been enumerated in census India. But, for the sake of better explanation tribal development in India can be analysed with facts and figures during post independence period. Mitchel described .tribe. in Indian context as a "socially cohesive unit, associated with a territory, the members of which regard them-selves as politically autonomous". Most of the tribe people have been living in isolation with out much interaction with other communities in Odisha. The Dhebar Commission (1961) recommended that "the Forest Department could be deemed to be charged as a branch of the govern ment with the responsibility of participating in the betterment side by side with the development in forest."
