A number of complications during the use of double-lumen endobronchial tubes are reported, specifically tracheobronchial rupture, a rare but serious complication. Risk factors associated with tracheobronchial rupture include inexperienced endoscopists, intubating stylets, multiple vigorous attempts at intubation, overdistension of the tracheal or bronchial cuff with high pressure, position change with an inflated cuff, and anatomical abnormality. We report 2 cases of tracheobronchial rupture which occurred during the use of double-lumen endobronchial tubes.