The aim of this study was to draw policy implications by clarifying the consciousness structure of local residents towards participation in community based management of CAR （Common-Agricultural-Resources） under the implementation of MCILWE （Measures to Conserve and Improve Land, Water and Environment）.　Two analytical methods were introduced in the study.　First, the consciousness of residents was analyzed based on the results of a questionnaire survey undertaken in Niigata Prefecture.　Second, person-to-person interview surveys from two recommended cases were carried out to supplement the analysis of the results based on the questionnaire survey. The following results were obtained from the analysis.　First, along with the participation in collective actions, resident understanding for the necessity of maintenance and management of CAR increased.　This should be taken into consideration to promote extensive participation in the future.　Next, participation in collective actions is expected not only to promote the maintenance and management of the resources, but also lead to potential activation of joint collective actions in local areas.　Furthermore, the results of the questionnaire showed that human resource development by foster community leaders from the local area （including women and young people） in the continuation of regional initiatives is an important issue.　Therefore, understanding the characteristics of the local area and regional leadership responding to the changes in the external environment, utilizing various kinds of knowledge of the participants and their experiences, and accumulating the social capital between residents and agricultural corporations to fulfill their potential for implementation of MCILWE and maintenance and management of CAR for the realization of sustainable regional development are considered to be absolutely necessary. JEL Classification:Q00