期刊名称：ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
印刷版ISSN：2194-9042
电子版ISSN：2194-9050
出版年度：2010
卷号：XXXVIII - Part 3A
页码：221-226
出版社：Copernicus Publications
摘要：In contrast to the algorithms for determining digital terrain models (DTMs) from airborne laser scanning (ALS) data, those for the generation of digital surface models (DSMs) are rather straightforward. A common way to derive DSMs is the determination of the highest point within a defined raster cell (DSM max ) or the determination of the DSM heights based on moving least squares interpolation e.g. moving planes (DSM mls ). For low ALS point densities void pixels can occur in the DSM max and for inclined smooth surfaces the DSM max shows an artificial roughness mainly due to the irregular point distribution. These disadvantages of the DSM max can be reduced by using an interpolated grid DSM mls . On the other hand, the DSM mls introduces smoothing effects along surface discontinuities e.g. building borders, tree tops, forest gaps, etc. In this paper a combined approach for the DSM generation is presented, which makes use of the strengths of both, the DSM max and the DSM mls . The used algorithms are implemented in the scientific software package OPALS (Orientation and Processing of Airborne Laser Scanning data). The proposed processing chain for DSM determination is applied for four test sites in Austria with different land cover types. For these test sites ALS data with point densities between 5.5 and 60.0 echoes per m 2 are available. The derived DSMs are presented and compared to traditional DSMs. Especially, for deciduous forests the difference between the single DSMs can add up to several metres
关键词：DEM/DTM; nDSM; LiDAR; Forestry; Vegetation; Surface; Model; Building
