We agree with Čulić’s argument ( 2015 ) that environmental influences on human health are complex and likely multifactorial. Exposure to indoor and ambient urban air pollution has been estimated to contribute to 7 million premature deaths each year, predominantly from cardiovascular and respiratory conditions ( Lim et al. 2012 ). Associations between exposure and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity have been demonstrated for nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ozone, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter ( Brook et al. 2010 ), although the associations are strongest for fine and ultrafine particulate matter ( Hoek et al. 2013 ).