期刊名称：International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering
印刷版ISSN：1975-0080
出版年度：2015
卷号：10
期号：1
页码：295-316
DOI：10.14257/ijmue.2015.10.1.29
出版社：SERSC
摘要：The research on facial animation is growing and became more sensible in terms of three dimensional data. The emergence of laser scans and advanced 3D tools imparted further towards the rapid development of complex facial model. This paper has given an overview on facial animation techniques such as blend shape interpolation, facial action coding system and parameterization. The major challenges, excitement, applications, recent progress and the future of various diversified facial animation methods are high-lighted as well. The emotional theory, involving the cognition as one of the elements of emotion and emphasizing on somatic factors describing emotional expressions and its perception as the other elements are presented. The essential factors responsible for emo-tional colors manifestations to an individual are the key issues. The notable theories and models of Goethe, Claudia Cortes, Naz Kaya, Color Wheel Pro, Shirley Willet and Yau Xueon facial colors expressions are critically commented and a facile comparison is car-ried out. Furthermore, a detailed discussions on facial colors appearance are provided using image based skin color analysis and synthesis, reflectance based model, bidirec-tional texture function, physiology measurement based and emotional appearance mod-els. The paper completed with the remarkable features official expression comprised of facial action coding system and MPEG-4 facial animation that enable considerable im-provement on facial animation technology. Our in-depth appraisal on facial animation may contribute as taxonomy towards the development of human facial skin colors on 3D avatar including facial action coding system, emotion theory, color theory, animation via blending and image based color analysis useful for various applications.
关键词：Animation; Computer Graphics; Virtual Reality; Avatars; Hemoglobin and Melanin
