标题：Cabaran dalam mempertahankan tanah adat di Malaysia: Kajian kes tanah NCR suku kaum Bidayuh di Sarawak (The challenge of defending customary land in Malaysia: The case of the Sarawak’s Bidayuh NCR lands)
其他标题：The challenge of defending customary land in Malaysia: The case of the Sarawak's Bidayuh NCR lands
期刊名称：Geografia : Malaysian Journal of Society and Space
电子版ISSN：2180-2491
出版年度：2016
卷号：12
期号：4
页码：84-93
出版社：Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
摘要：Adat mempengaruhi hak dan status pemilikan tanah dalam kalangan pelbagai suku kaum di Sarawak. Bagi suku kaum Bidayuh, maklumat tentang pemilikan tanah yang diwarisi daripada nenek moyang telah menjadi sumber rujukan utama dalam mempertahankan hak mereka. Hal ini menjadi isu apabila tanah mereka terlibat dengan projek pembangunan. Kaum Bidayah melihat pembangunan setempat sebagai cabaran utama kepada mereka bagi mengekalkan tanah adat. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti cabaran yang dihadapi suku kaum Bidayuh dalam mempertahankan hak milik tanah adat mereka yang terlibat dengan projek pembangunan. Penekanan diberikan terhadap usaha para pemilik untuk mempertahankan hak mereka terhadap tanah adat. Maklumat kajian diperoleh melalui perbincangan secara berkelo mpok dengan kumpulan focus ( FGD) serta temu bual mendalam dengan pemilik tanah adat di kawasan kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa cabaran mempertahankan tanah adat dipengaru hi beberapa perkara seperti kelewatan proses persempadanan, pencerobohan ke atas tanah adat, bayaran pampasan, penglibatan komuniti dalam skim pembangunan, tiada kesepakatan dan konflik dalaman suku, serta persaingan terhadap tanah adat. Situasi ini akhirnya mendorong para pemilik tanah adat kaum Bidayuh berusaha mendapatkan geran tanah secara individu. Bagi melestarikan status tanah adat, prosedur pemilikannya perlu ditambah baik dengan mengambil kira aspek so siobudaya komuniti berkenaan.
其他摘要：Custo ms may influence the land ownership rights of indigeneous communities in Sarawak. Amo ng the Bidayuh tribe, information on land ownership which have been inherited from their ancestors become the principal source of reference in defending their status rights to the land which has become an issue when their lands are affected by development projects. This study examined the challenges faced by the Bidayuh in defending their rights and ownership over custo mary lands involved with development projects, in particular, the owners efforts in defending their rights over the lands. Primary data were obtained through in-depth discussions with focus groups (FGD) comprising custo mary land owners in the study area. The findings showed that the challenges o f defending the customary lands are influenced by several factors such as delays in the process of delimitation, intrusion to the customary land, land compensation, community involvement in develop ment schemes, disagreement among land owners and internal conflicts as well as co mpetition for land. This situation eventually led to many land owners seeking individual ownership of the customary lands. Thus it is imperative that the relevant authorities improve their practices and procedures of the Bidayuh customary land alineation with the view of maintaining their custo mary ownership. In addition, the national land development policies should give emphasis on the social sustainability of land ownership by taking into account socio-culture aspects of the community.
关键词：hak milik tanah; Kanun Tanah Sarawak; kerajaan negeri; ko muniti Bidayuh; sosiobudaya; tanah NCR
其他关键词：Bidayuh community; Land Code of Sarawak; land ownership; NCR land; socioculture; state government
