摘要：The decade long civil war in Sierra Leone has had devastating effects on the livelihood of its people. The effects of the war and other vices have made Sierra Leone the second most vulnerable country in the world according to human development indicators of 2007. Though the conflict has touched all parts of the country, its intensity and impact vary from region to region. As a result the humanitarian situation is complex, requiring multi-faceted and sophisticated response. Emergency relief, resettlement, community reintegration, recovery and rehabilitation, are all components of the humanitarian efforts, crucial to consolidate peace and stability. The exercise of recovery and the infrastructure building is still going even ten years later. Zambia with a population of 9.9 million in 2000 and an estimated 13.3 million in 2010 and 15.5 million in 2015 has one of the highest incidences of poverty in developing countries. An approximate of 68% of the people live in extreme poverty and mostly in the rural areas. Unemployment remains high at 15.5 of the total labour force (SNDP,P.5). In 2009, Zambia had an estimated 1.027,626 people living with HIV. The HIV prevalence rate according to the 2007 Demographic Health is 14.3%. The epidemic has a significant gender bias with the rate being higher among women aged (14-49 years)-16%, and lower among men in the same age bracket (12%).
关键词：Development indicators; Emergency relief ;re- settlement; Self- confidence and rape
