出版社：Polish Society of Ecological Engineering (PTIE)
摘要：State-of-the-art chemical, physical and biological water treatment techniques do not alwaysproperly remove some biogenic elements (nitrates, ammonia and phosphates) to reuse or reclaimwastewater.Modern membrane techniques provide high efficiency in removal of suspendedand colloidal matter, bacteria and viruses, organic compounds as well as dissolved ions.For wastewaterreuse and reclamation application of reverse osmosis provides reduction of BOD, phosphatesand ammonia without application of biological treatment.To successfully apply reverse osmosis to treat wastewater, adequate pretreatment is required.Oftenpretreatment costs even exceed reverse osmosis facilities costs.Long research in fouling and scalingmechanisms revealed that fouling rates are dependent not only on hydrodynamic factors, but onmembrane properties and channel configuration as well.Therefore, development of a new type ofmembrane channel with improved hydraulic and fouling characteristics enabled us to present efficientwater treatment techniques for wastewater treatment and reclamation.Schematic flow diagramsare presented for different wastewater treatment cases, such as car washing and laundry effluentas well as domestic wastewater treatment and reuse.
