期刊名称：Bartin University Journal of Faculty of Education
印刷版ISSN：1308-7177
电子版ISSN：1308-7177
出版年度：2014
卷号：V3I1
期号：1283
页码：1-27
语种：
出版社：Bartin University
摘要：Abstract: In our worlds, since 1900s, intensive research has been conducted in the areas of how to develop speaking skills, how to choose words when talking, and how to find the most suitable words in thousands of words in the mental lexicon. In these researches, a variety of approaches and models are implemented. These are gathered under the three groups that are named as traditional, cognitive and constructivist. Traditional approaches and methods give more weight to the physical processes of speech such as stress, intonation, pronunciation, and voice. Cognitive approaches and models examine the speech process in a wider scale as physical and mental, and focus on the speaker's mental processes. During the speech process, the most studied topics were how words and information are selected, and how to words are transferred to speech. From this perspective, many speech-related teaching models have been developed in the cognitive approach. Constructivist approaches and models focus on developing students' speaking skills, and try to identify the speech processes, skills, techniques, and methods that need to be developed. Nowadays, from the viewpoint of constructivist approach, various speech-related teaching models are used, and stages proposed in these models, methods and techniques are followed to develop students' speaking skills.
