فریبرز نیکدل، استادیار گروه روان‌شناسی دانشگاه یاسوج *

  علی اکبر پیراسته مطلق، کارشناس ارشد روان‌شناسی عمومی

  چکیده

هدف: پژوهش حاضر به منظور بررسی رابطه بین خشم صفت- حالت و شیوه‌های کنترل خشم و گرایش افراد به نزاع دسته جمعی در استان کهگیلویه و بویر احمد انجام شده است. روش: روش پژوهش غیر آزمایشی از نوع همبستگی بوده است. برای رسیدن به هدف فوق، از جامعه آماری تحقیق که عبارت است از کلیه شهروندان 40-15 ساله استان کهگیلویه و بویراحمد ، 400 نفر با روش نمونه‌گیری تصادفی طبقه‌ای انتخاب شدند. داده‌های جمع‌آوری شده با استفاده از پرسشنامه‌های گرایش به نزاع دسته‌جمعی، سیاهۀ بروز خشم صفت- حالت اسپیلبرگر و طرح‌واره‌های شناختی پرخاشگرانه، با آزمون‌های ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون گام به گام مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند. یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد بین متغیرهای خشم صفت- حالت و گرایش به نزاع دسته جمعی ارتباط مثبت و معناداری وجود دارد. در حالی که بین شیوه‌های کنترل خشم و گرایش به نزاع دسته جمعی ارتباط منفی و معناداری وجود داشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام نشان داد متغیر خشم حالت، کنترل خشم درونی و خشم صفت به ترتیب بهترین پیش‌بینی ‌کننده‌های گرایش به نزاع دسته جمعی بودند. نتیجهگیری: خشم حالت و شیوه‌های کنترل درونی یا بیرونی خشم می‌توانند گرایش افراد به نزاع دسته جمعی را پیش‌بینی کنند.

  واژه‌های کلیدی : خشم صفت، خشم حالت، شیوه‌های کنترل خشم و گرایش به نزاع دسته جمعی

  * نویسنده مسؤول: 09126932751 Email: fnikdel@yu.ac.ir

  Introduction

Ethnic disputes and collective aggressions are observable in each period of history and are more evident in traditional and nomadic communities. This issue has had many life and property damages in the past and present times and it has also prevented social development to flourish. Based on the damages of collective aggression, the researchers attempt to study the fundamental causes of this problem. It is assumed that state-trait anger and anger control methods are effective variables on people's tendency toward collective aggression. Therefore, determining the effective factors on collective aggression is of great importance from social, family and individual aspects. The theoretical framework of the present study is the combination of psychological and social- psychological theories regarding collective aggression. According the theories regarding collective aggression and relevant researches, collective aggression stems from different factors and reasons as a multi-dimensional social phenomenon. In a general classification, these factors are divided into individual and social factors. Based on various researches regarding social reasons of tendency to collective aggression, only the individual and psychological causes have been investigated. Indeed, this study evaluated state-trait anger and anger control method variables as individual and psychological factors related to tendency to collective aggression.

  Materials & Methods

The study method is non-experimental -anger ationneral BB Asianasurest time and it also and it is a survey in terms of type and cross section in terms of time. The study population is all citizens of the Kohgiluye and Buyerahmad province whose age is between 14 and 50 years old. Based on the latest census, they include 325204 individuals. The sample size is 400 based on Cochran’s formula. The sampling method is stratified random. Two questionnaires were used to measure the variables: a) Tendency to collective aggression survey is designed by Mirfardi et al. (2010) with 13 items evaluating behavioral and cognitive aspects, b) S pielberger's . State - Trait Anger Expression, which is composed of 57 questions- 6 scales and 5 subscales and divided into 3 sections: state anger, trait anger and anger control methods.

  Discussion of Results and Conclusions

The present study aimed to evaluate the role of state-trait anger and anger control methods in people tendency to collective aggression . The results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between state anger, tendency to collective aggression and trait anger variables with tendency to collective aggression . The relationship between subscales of state anger, trait anger with tendency to collective aggression and cognitive tendency subscales to aggression and behavioral tendency to aggression showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between anger feeling subscales, verbal and physical expression of anger, angry mood and angry reaction with the variable of tendency to collective aggression and its subscales, cognitive tendency to aggression and behavioral tendency to aggression . Indeed, the results of the hypotheses showed that the people with high trait and state anger (feeling angry), show more angry moods, tendency to physical and verbal expression of anger and angry reactions. So they have a high tendency to collective aggression cognitive and behavioral. Uncontrolled anger not only jeopardizes adaptability and health of the people, but also various examples of interpersonal and social issues including collective aggression are affected by this emotion and violence and aggressiveness are the most predictable outcomes in this regard. Therefore, violence and aggressiveness are effective components on collective aggression . On the other hand, violence in retaliation leads to group or family conflicts. In addition, the results showed that there is a negative and significant relationship between anger-out control with tendency to collective aggression . Also, there is a negative and significant relationship between anger-in control and tendency to collective aggression . Indeed, the more people control anger–in and anger-out, the less the tendency to collective aggression . Also, the results showed that 3 variables of state anger, anger–in control and trait anger, are the best predictors of tendency to collective aggression, respectively. In addition, the results of path analysis showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between state anger, trait anger and anger-in control and independent variables and tendency to collective aggression and dependent variable. The relationship between anger-out control and none of the dependent variables was significant so it was excluded from the model.

Therefore, based on the results of the study, state-trait anger variable and anger control and personality specifications can be turning points of many collective aggressions in the Kohgiluye and Buyerahmad province. Therefore, it is recommended to the authorities that states anger factors should controlled and reduced. It is also recommended to train good anger control methods which help people who are under critical condition. By improving these psychological variables among people and families we can be hopeful to reduce tendency of people towards collective aggression .

  Keywords: Anger as a Train and State, Anger Management Methods, and People's Tendency towards Collective Aggression