摘要：The focus of this study was to investigate whether there were differences between the way in-field and out-of-field teachers in Malaysian secondary schools perceived and practiced History education, and the way their students perceived the teaching and learning of History.Both, teacher and student data were examined. A statistical analysis was conducted to validate the survey and test the relationships between variables. The results showed that there were significant differences between in-field and out-of-field teachers in the teacher characteristics of experience and student variables of classroom climate and History learning outcomes, but not on teaching approaches and methods.
关键词：Teachers’ Qualification; History Education; Measurement in Education; Teacher’s Education; Learning Approaches
