As a political and social statement, the style of the Achaemenid architecture was predicated on grandiose buildings and masonry, with the column as one of its primary elements. Often, the trunk of the columns was made of either wood or stone, although their bases were always made of stone; a practice unique to ancient Iran. Consequently, access to stone for building these columns was of major importance This paper deals with the sources used in the making of the column bases of Hegmatâneh following non-destructive techniques of petrography and XRD (X-ray Diffraction Spectrometry) analysis in conjunction with geological data. In order to study them, we collected six samples from Hamadan and nine from column bases. Historical texts and geological formations were also taken into consideration. This study attempts to demonstrate the relationship between archaeological and environmental data by statistical analysis, to be used as a tool for the identification of mineral resources in the future.