摘要：The diversity of Lycoperdon and Vascellum in the mycobiota of Rio Grande do Sul State, in southern Brazil, was investigated. These genera are considered distinct due to structure of the subgleba, presence/absence of paracapillitium and of a diaphragm. After a study of fresh and herbarium specimens, the following species were identified in the area: Lycoperdon juruense, L. lividum, L. marginatum, L. ovoidisporum, L. perlatum, Vascellum hyalinum, and V. pratense. Detailed descriptions of the species are accompanied by photographs of the basidiomata, line drawings of the microstructures, and scanning electron microscopy of the basidiospores
