摘要：Magoura Cave (Bulgaria) is one of the caves with Paleolithic paintings. An assessment of the composition of bacterial communities that have colonized this cave represents a first step in understanding and potentially controlling their proliferation in order to protect the paintings. The members of the Bacillus genus are generally found in caves and represent a wide range of physiological abilities, allowing them to grow in every environment. These bacteria compete desirably with other microorganisms within the environment due to its capability to form extremely resistant spores and produce metabolites that have antagonistic effects on other microorganisms. Many Bacillus species are of remarkable importance because of the potential of Bacillus species to synthesize a wide variety of metabolites which can take part in deterioration of rock paintings. The aim of this study was connected with the identification of Bacillus strains isolated from different samples of Paintings gallery. The identification of the isolates was achieved by the methods of classical and molecular taxonomy. The results showed that the strains are belonged to the species of B. lutimorbus, B. licheniformus, B. macercen, B. validus, B. lautus, B. amyloliticus, B. polymyxa, B. insolutusand, B. circulans. A better understanding of the diversity of the genus Bacillus present on art objects is important for the development of effective conservation and restoration strategies of the unique rock paintings
关键词：Bacillus; rock paintings; deterioration; conservation
