期刊名称：Vojnotehnicki glasnik / Military Technical Courier
印刷版ISSN：0042-8469
电子版ISSN：2217-4753
出版年度：2010
卷号：58
期号：1
页码：33-61
语种：
出版社：Ministry of defence of the Republic of Serbia: University of defence in Belgrade
摘要：A logistics automated information system should be developed as a part of a unified automated information system (JAIS). In order to develop a logistics automated information system and to apply it successfully in operational use, it is necessary to follow the JAIS global development concept and rely more on teamwork of IT experts and specialists in real logistics systems. An important condition for the development of a high-quality logistics information system is to define information needs for particular objects treated by a logistics information system. The task of such a system is to provide: permanent insight into the logistics system, pointing to the necessary and possible measures for improvement, better real system planning and management activities, personnel information about the state of the real system, pointing to the directions of further system development. A logistics information system should be developed taking also into account compatibility with future allies and partners. Defense systems were among the first to accept the challenge (because they were forced to) to introduce information technology in their management system and, with the help of innovations in this area, to increase the performance effectiveness under the conditions of environment dynamic changes. Information technology development mostly followed development of large military projects aimed at solving management or technology issues within military industry complex and management in the most technologically developed defense systems. These science and defense practice efforts resulted in many new methods and techniques such as the method of system analysis and information system design, methods of operational research and simulation, pattern recognition, expert systems for individual processes in management, as well as those for information retrieval and their implementation in decision making. Over time, partial innovations reached a high level of synthesis, leading to new management systems able to function in most complex task conditions. Mastering the procedure of creating autonomous partial information systems-where the operational research methods helped to optimally apply some of their particular values - has led to the creation of integrated automated information systems for management support. Our recent defense theory and practice have not concentrated enough on logistics information systems in professional journals, neither from the organizational nor from the technological point of view. Experiences gained from operational practice and knowledge acquired by visiting foreign armies, practical needs as well as modern times demands and current trends in the development of defense systems pointed out that it is necessary to pay more attention to this logistics segment in military journals. Logistics information systems cannot be researched, developed and introduced into operational practice (applied) without knowing the structure of high-quality information systems in general. High-quality information systems for supporting the logistic aspects of decision-making and logistics dealing authorities cannot be developed without properly defining information needs of specific customer information systems and without most precisely describing objects of interest of the logistics system. It is also not possible to go forward in the development and implementation of logistics information systems after long stagnation unless this important area is considered through a retrospective, identifying and defining problems that accompany the development and introduction of information systems in the military forerunners of the Army of Serbia and the AS now and realizing the current situation in this area in the defense system. In principle, our defense system started the work on the automated collection, processing and distribution of information simultaneously with other developed defense systems in the world. However, in the meantime orientations and concepts changed so that no project focused on the development of integrated automated information system (AIS) and decision support system was brought completely to the end. The development of information systems to support the defense system and particularly the Army faced specific dilemmas and problems which hindered their development: information needs of users which information systems should provide for were never properly defined; disputes occurred between 'generalities' and 'specialists' on whether the system should be built from the bottom (the base) or from the top, resulting in the development of small-scale applications in the base (where problems needing automation occurred) that could fit into a global concept and the development of global concepts never implemented completely into the defense system operational practice. Due to the low level of their information culture, real system experts were not able to properly express and define their needs and expectations of IT professionals who, because of their low levels of general military knowledge, were not able to fully understand the functioning of the real system and information system needs. The above dilemmas and other problems are still present today so that the present automated decision-making support in the defense system (not just in logistics) does not match the needs of practice, requirements of time and modern trends. In treating logistics information systems in this paper, we will apply an analogy with other information systems. Particular aspects and segments of the development and implementation of logistics information systems will be processed with a high degree of generalization, using the experience and research the authors participated in as well as available sources of knowledge. The aforementioned approach allows for a wider general aspect of the given views, while, on the other hand, gaining the depth and accuracy if validly applied to each specific case and to each logistics system. After the organizational changes in the defense system, and in logistics in particular, due consideration should be paid to the development of information systems since there possibly lies the answer to the request 'to reduce the system response time' within a framework of constant reducing the workforce and 'scope of logistic resources'. Changes in the organization of the technical, health, infrastructural and financial support of Defense represent an additional reason to approach more seriously the issues of defense logistic support and the logistic aspects of decision-making in the defense. Introduction GENERAL REMARKS ON INFORMATION SYSTEMS An information management system is a set of bodies and individuals (of a particular organizational system) as well as technical resources and information resources, organizationally and functionally related, with which, based on pre-defined and developed methods and procedures, the tasks of creating, gathering, processing and distribution of data and information are implemented in the given conditions. LOGISTICS SUPPORT INFORMATION Timely disposal of information is a prerequisite for effective command and control in general, and particularly in the areas of logistics support. Considering that modern conditions do not see any decision making regarding the use of armed forces without adequate logistical support, it is of crucial importance for command authorities at all levels to have necessary information on the status of weapons and military equipment and available logistical resources. DOCTRINAL REQUIREMENTS FOR LOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEM A logistics support system is a complex military, economic and organizational multilevel system. The mission of logistics, in the sphere of defense, is reflected in planning, creating, developing, launching, supporting and maintaining efficient and effective defense forces. Its task is to provide maneuver, precise effects (fire), comprehensive protection and rational and focused support 'top down' to the Army, at requested location, time, extent and manner, as close as possible to the source of logistic demands and with optimum use of resources. The logistics support system comprises a man, a weapon, an integrated combat system (technical system and the man with all support) and an organizational system (units and institutions), as a whole. LOGISTICS INFORMATION NEEDS A logistics information system needs to process data and provide information relevant to decision makers about logistic objects, i.e. a man, weapons or equipment, animals, integrated combat systems, organizations, infrastructure facilities and installations in order to ensure high-quality execution of all logistic tasks within defined missions, through the entire life cycle of a system (peacetime, crisis situation, state of emergency, mobilization, war). Automated LOGISTICS INFORMATION SYSTEM LOGISTICS (background) automated information system (LAIS) is one of the most important subsystems JAIS and in direct connection with the other subsystems JAIS a. JAIS a set of commands and government agencies (units and institutions) in the defense system, and technical resources and information resources, organizational and functionally related, by which on the basis of forward-defined and developed methods and procedures implemented information security tasks (support) the defense management, in the process of planning, development, training, preparation and use of certain subsystems of defense, while performing the task within the defined mission. Disadvantages logistics EXISTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS The existing logistics information system is derived from previously evolved background information system, which was the part of the unified automated information system (JAIS a). The degree of its efficiency is directly related to the weaknesses of earlier ways of organizing the system of command. A large number of inherited problems is linked to the codification material resources and its applicability in the conduct of inadequate material accounting, inadequate organization of material accountancy and still inadequately constructed a system of reporting on quantitative and qualitative state of material resources and the work of executive bodies of the background (logistics).
