PURPOSE: To evaluate retrospectively the results regarding pain relief, complication after percutaneous vertebroplasty, for an osteoporotic compression fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 260 patients (male 55, female 260, mean age 69.4 years old) treated by percutaneous vertebroplasty in Dankook University Hospital from July 1997 to July 2004 were reviewed. We performed percutaneous vertebroplasty and observed the degree of pain relief using pain scale pre-/postoperation. we evaluate the complication by plain radiographs and computed tomography, ABGA and chest X-ray. we evaluate pain relief and complication for 1 week by follow-up plain radiographs. we recommended BMD follow-up per 1 year and osteoporosis medication at least 2 years. A clinical result was evaluated as excellent, good, fair, poor and visual analogue scale (VAS 0~10) for 1 year. We prefaced a statistical analysis by T-test using SPSS (version 11.0) correlating 1 week and 1 years effects. RESULTS: 73 (28.3%) of the patients were evaluated as excellent: 123 (45.5%), as good: 45 (17.8%), as fair; and 23 (8.5%), as poor, show 73.8% over good in 1 week. 76 (29.3%) of the patients were evaluated as excellent; 120 (44.3%), as good; 43 (16.8%), as fair; and 25 (9.6%), as poor in 1 year, show 73.6% over good result. 1 week follow-up and 1 year follow-up show similar results. 1 patient had death (hemothorax), 4 patients had arrhythmia, 15 patients (21 vertebrae) had fracture around vertebroplasty. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty using PMMA is valuable method in the treatment of osteoporotic compression fracture, providing immediately pain relief, long term pain relief, prevention of complication originated from long term traction and bed rest, unwearing brace and early ambulation.