PURPOSE: This study was designed to compare the clinical and radiologic outcome of the patients who underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty among the groups based on follow-up period and BMD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 99 patients (171 vertebral bodies) underwent percutaneous vertebroplasty from January 2001 to September 2003. The patients were divided into 3 groups by follow-up periods, and also divided into 2 groups by BMD. We investigated the difference of radiologic and clinical effects among the groups. Radiologic findings was assessed as vertebral height restoration rate and rate of reduction loss by measurement of the height of vertebral body. The clinical outcomes were graded into 5. The statistical analysis was done using Chi-squire test and Independent-samples T test. RESULTS: Among the groups divided by follow-up period, there was no statistically significant difference of clinical and radiologic results except the rate of reduction loss between group I and group III (p>0.05). Between the groups divided by BMD, there was no statistically significant difference of clinical and radiologic results. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement for the osteoporotic compression fracture is an efficient procedure and considered as technique producing pleasurable clinical and radiologic results regardless of follow up-period and BMD.