Various forms of treatment for femoral fractures in children, which could give good results have been reported in the literatures. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the complication and related factors after conservative treatment of the femoral fracture in children and to suggest appropriate method of treatment. We reviewed 18 children between the ages of 1 and 11 years who had been treated by Russel or split Russel skin traction for femoral fracture at Dae-Han General Hospital from May, 1992 to December, 1995. All fractures united in average 10.2 weeks. The mean lengthening was 1.6mm. at the last follow-up. The angular deformities were up to 12 degrees in the sagittal plane and up to 10 degrees in the coronal plane at the time of bony union. The clinical results of treatment were compared with those from the literatures and other reports. Our conclusion from this study is that Russel or split Russel skin traction is a safe and effective method of treatment for femoral fractures in children.