Salivary gland enlargement in association with anesthesia is an unusual complication first described in 1968. Since then, several additional reports have appeared. This report decribes a case of bilateral enlargement of parotid gland that developed in the recovery room. Anesthesia and surgery contribute to many faetors that predispose to the developement of this disorder. These-include dehydration, the suppression of oral secretions by the restricion of fluids, the use of medication with antisialagogue properties, and inhalation of unhumidified gases. The clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and treatment are discussed.