In obsterics and gynecology laparoscopic surgery is increasing in numbers and gaining wide popularity replacing classical laparotomy and is becoming new trend in surgical fields. Laparoscopic surgery is favoured over the classical laparotomy because of numerous advantages but it can cause complications by insuffulatory CO2 to induce artificial pneumoperitoneum. Therefore, wide knowledges and thorough understandings of anesthesiologist on the prevention of complications and their treatments are essential. Authors present one case that the patient developed subcutaneous emphysema and ateleciasis on right upper lobe, pulmonary edema in left side lung resulting from inadvertent one lung ventilation during laparoscopic hysterectomy under general anesthesia and on trendelenberg position.