标题：The Non Effects of Using Muscle Memory Activities and Fading Worksheets to Teach two Preschool Students Diagnosed with Developmental Delays Handwriting
期刊名称：International Journal of English and Education
印刷版ISSN：2278-4012
出版年度：2013
卷号：2
期号：2
出版社：Brahmaputra Publishing House
摘要：The purpose of this study was to evaluate and measure the effectiveness ofmuscle memory techniques and fading worksheets with handwriting on two preschoolstudents diagnosed with developmental delays in both pre-academics andcommunication. Two students were selected from a self-contained special educationpreschool classroom in the Pacific Northwest. All the students in the classroom hadspecial needs usually diagnosed with developmental delays but also included otherhealth impairments, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and behavioralimpairments age’s three to five. The muscle memory activities intervention was used toteach both students how to write their first name. Then, a fading worksheets systemwas implemented for both students to provide extra practice. In baseline, both studentswere asked to, “Write your name. Just try your best.” During baseline, both studentswere not able to write any letters of their name legibly. The final outcomes showedlittle improvement in handwriting ability. Muscle memory activities were engaging forthe students but time consuming to implement, did not provide enough practice, andrequired an assortment of materials. Fading worksheets provided extra practice forthe students but were not engaging. Suggestions for using muscle memory activitiesand fading worksheets with preschool children were not made. Reasons for thedifferential outcomes of muscle memory activities and fading worksheets werediscussed.
关键词：muscle memory; preschool; fading worksheet; single case research;developmental delay; handwriting
