摘要：Controversies exist on the association of dairy fat content with cardio-metabolic status. We aimed to explore the relationship of the type of consumed milk with body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) in a nationally representative sample of Iranian children and adolescents. This study was conducted on 14880 students, aged 6-18 years, selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 30 provinces of Iran. In addition to completing questionnaires on demographic characteristics and lifestyle habits, physical examination was conducted. The type of milk used by participants was categorized by two ways: i. as non-pasteurized milk (NPM), low-fat pasteurized and high-fat pasteurized milks (LFPM, HFPM) and ii. As high fat milk (HFM, which consisted of NPM+HFPM) and low fat milk (LFM).Three models of binary logistic regression test were applied. The study had a participation rate of 90.6%; 13,486 students (75.6% urban, 50.8% boys) with mean age (SD) of 12.47 (3.36) years completed the study. After adjusting for confounders, we found statistically significant decrease in the risk of overweight/obesity in consumers of NPM and HFPM in comparison to LFPM users and in HFM consumers in comparison to LFM users. We found increase in the risk of diastolic hypertension (HTN) only in HFPM consumers in comparison to LFPM users, respectively. However HFM showed non-significant relation to blood pressure status compared to LFM. Our findings propose that in relation to cardio-metabolic risk, the quality of fat in milk (intact natural or un-intact) might be more important than the amount of fat.
