标题：Discrimination, Class Conflict or Cultural Degeneracy: An Analytical Review of Theoretical Arguments Purporting Causes of Racial Disparities in America
摘要：Issues of inequality and racial disparities are some of the most contentious issues in American politics and the issues have been raised again in the 2016 presidential primary campaigns. The difference between African Americans and whites in terms of social outcomes has been a constant feature exhibited across American history. There have been important changes in racial relations in the United States since the 1960s including many new political and economic opportunities for African Americans. The most egregious discriminatory practices have by now been prohibited by law. Yet, sharp disparities remain, and differential treatments along with disparities outcomes for racial groups seem resistant to legal remedies and changes in public policy. This article provides a critical review of the some of the most commonly cited primary causes for disparate racial outcomes. Conceptual contentions regarding the study of racial discrimination and disparities are described and explicated. By critiquing works of several prominent authors the explanatory power of their theoretical positions is evaluated.
