期刊名称：ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
印刷版ISSN：2194-9042
电子版ISSN：2194-9050
出版年度：2008
卷号：XXXVII Part B4
页码：1105-1112
出版社：Copernicus Publications
摘要：Emergency can arise due to disaster caused by a technology or natural process. Emergency response needs rapid decisions in short time. In the circumstances of an emergency the normal channels of authority and communication cannot be relied upon to function routinely. The stress of the situation can lead to poor judgment resulting in severe losses. An emergency plan specifies procedures for handling sudden unexpected situations. The objective is to reduce the possible consequences of the emergency by (i) Preventing fatalities and injuries, (ii) Reducing damage to buildings, stock, and equipment and (iii) accelerating the resumption of normal operations. The geospatial data for emergency management has its significant importance. Data required for different kind of emergency range from spatial to attribute data. However, for technological disasters, required spatial information range from 1:10,000 to 1:2000, depending upon the kind of disaster that occurs. The emergency database can be developed on the basis of an object-oriented database design approach that proceeds from data collection, processing, organization and sharing through centralized data repository i.e. data warehouse. Emergency management is a typically multi-disciplinary endeavour, requiring many types of data with spatial and temporal attributes that should be made available to key players in the right format for decision- making. There is an enormous amount of geospatial data of all kinds and formats, but it is often hard to find the right data at the right moment by the people who need the information for rescue work and recovery operations. The inability to access information and the lack of standardization, coordination, and communication are all obstacles that need to be overcome. Considering the importance to address the emergency management, Department of Space envisaged a programme for development of geospatial database at various scales along with decision support tools with multi-institutional support. This database, which will leverage much on the aerospace data, will have core data, hazard-specific data, and dynamic data in spatial as well as non-spatial forms. The proposed geospatial database will deliver the necessary information in time to the key players by adopting the latest developments in computer science and networking technologies. The required system configuration and network design using state of art technology is envisaged keeping in view of the functional requirements. The architecture incorporates the necessary features like multi-core/ multi- processor systems, high-end storage and network devices to ensure good system response even with the overhead of additional security levels. A prototype decision support system was developed for certain emergencies arise out of natural disasters such as floods. It consists of generic display & query module to facilitate display of spatial & non-spatial data, identification of attribute information, overlays, simple thematic queries etc. besides analysis module catering to the specific needs pertaining to emergency management such as impact assessment, relief organization etc. The paper describes the conceptual geospatial database design envisaged and the decision support tools developed for emergency management. Application of the tools to selected case studies is also discussed in the paper
关键词：Emergency; Database; Geospatial; Aerospace Data; Decision Support Systems; Networking
