期刊名称：ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
印刷版ISSN：2194-9042
电子版ISSN：2194-9050
出版年度：2007
卷号：XXXVI–4/W45
出版社：Copernicus Publications
摘要：Within the last few years navigation systems have started to conquer the market in the Western World.Especially in outdoor environments location based services play an important role for supporting thewayfinding process. Car drivers have started to trust in the information provided by car navigation systemsand even pedestrians are gaining interest in reliable guiding instructions. Nevertheless, this kind of givingdirections is not very popular until today. Various reasons are responsible for this scarce usage: e.g.localization accuracy is insufficient for pedestrian’s needs in many cases and route suggestions usuallyrely on road networks and do not meet the demands of walking people, as pedestrians have moredegrees of freedom in movement compared to car drivers (Corona & Winter 2001).Moreover, most of these systems are limited to outdoor areas, whereas wayfinding within buildings hasmostly been neglected so far. Merely some museums and exhibitions offer digital guiding services to theircustomers (Oppermann 2003, Chan et al. 2005). Even though the range of some positioning sensors maybe sufficient for navigation tasks, they are rarely available within buildings and hardly fulfil the minimumconditions concerning cost (Dempsey, 2003). Because of the expensive infrastructure the user has toexpect high costs when using the system. Moreover the communication of 3D indoor environments ontwodimensional screens is a difficult task that influences if the user successfully reaches the target
