期刊名称：ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences
印刷版ISSN：2194-9042
电子版ISSN：2194-9050
出版年度：2005
卷号：XXXVI-2/W25
出版社：Copernicus Publications
摘要：Orientation relationship in the spatial relationship is an important in GIS. The orientation information about the urban environment is directly available to human beings through perception and is crucial for establishing their spatial location and for way-finding. People perceive the arrangement (layout) of entities in space, categorize them as spatial relationships, and describe them as spatial expression in language. This paper will propose the new type of the reference frame and its orientation system, and demonstrate the composition factors and the characteristic of the reference frames. We will illustrate its mathematics base and its formalization expression in mathematics. Then we will analyze some characteristics to make way-finding in such reference frame. In the conclusion, we suggest the further research about the orientation relation of the new reference frame
