期刊名称：History Studies : International Journal of History
印刷版ISSN：1309-4688
电子版ISSN：1309-4173
出版年度：2016
卷号：8
期号：2
DOI：10.9737/hist.2016220341
出版社：History Studies : International Journal of History
摘要：Mezopotamya'da yerleþik hayata geçiþin sonucunda tapýnaðýn etrafýnda þekillendirilmiþ kentler oluþturulmuþtur. Bu þekilleniþ yeni bir sosyal yaþantýyý, yönetim anlayýþýný, ekonomik yapýyý dinsel bir dünya görüþüyle birleþtirerek günümüz dünyasýnýn baþlangýcýný oluþturmuþtur. Yeni sosyal düzenin en üstünde bulunan ruhban sýnýfý ve yönetici sýnýf mensuplarý, tekellerinde tuttuklarý dinsel inanýþý siyasi ve askeri amaçlarý doðrultusunda kullanarak ilk olarak kent devletlerini sonrasýnda da bölgesel emperyalist devletleri yönetmiþlerdir. Hayatýn her alanýnda kendine yer bulan inanç sistemi askeri yapýya da hakim hale gelmiþ, Sümer kent devleti yöneticileri savaþlarý tanrý adýna ve tanrýlarýn emri ile yaptýklarýný ilan ederek kitlesel destek saðlamýþken; Akad, III. Ur, Babil ve Asur dönemlerinde yöneticilerin kendilerini tanrýlaþtýrmasýyla bu anlayýþ en ileri boyuta ulaþmýþtýr. Kendilerini tanrýlaþtýran krallarýn buyruklarý yönetilenler tarafýndan tanrý buyruðu gibi algýlanmýþ ve sorgulanmamýþtýr. Bu anlayýþ Yahudilikle baþlayýp Hýristiyanlýk ve Ýslam'la devam eden tek tanrýlý dinlerde yeni bir yapýya bürünerek devam etmiþtir.
其他摘要：As a result of the transition to settled life in Mesopotamia shaped cities around the temples were created. This formation combining a new social life, management approach, economic structure with a view to a religious world paved the way of the beginning of today's world. The clergy class and the members of the ruling class existing at the top of the new social order, using their political and military purposes in accordance with religious beliefs that they hold in their monopoly, first ruled city-states then managed regional imperialist states. The belief system finding always its place In every area of life became dominant over military structure while Sumerian city-state rulers declared that they made wars on behalf of Gods and the Gods' sake and receiving a considerable public support, in the period of Akkadian, Ur III and Babylonian and Assyrian, with rulers deification of themselves, this understanding reached the most advanced dimensions. The orders of the kings who considered themselves as God were perceived as the commandment of the God by the rulers and not questioned. This sense, starting with Judaism and Christianity, in the monotheistic religions of Islam has continued to disguise a new structure.
