摘要：Geoecosystems of polar areas are particularly sensitive to climate change. The fluctuations of mean annual temperatures of Svalbard areas recorded for many years and progressing glacier recession indica- te unequivocally that the Arctic areas strongly react to long-term weather and climate changes. Energy released in the form of proglacial waters contributes considerably to the transformation of the biotic and abiotic systems. However, it is necessary to note that once the polar environment has changed, it is a very hard and long process to restore it to its former state. In this way natural processes accelerate for the next environmental changes (Zwoli¨½ski 2007). As sugge- sted by Kostrzewski et al. (2006), of great significan- ce in the terrestrial geoecosystems of the Arctic is the recession of glaciers and the decline of permafrost and snow covers.
