摘要：On the basis of the historical (dating from the 1920s) and contemporary phytosociological relevés, taken in thespruce forests of the Polish Tatra Mts., the changes were determined that took place in these forests. This area had been forcenturies under the influence of human economic activities, mainly pasturing and wood extraction, and then protected in theTatra National Park. These changes differ according to the altitudinal vegetation belts.In the coniferous forests of the upper montane belt, the changes due to wind breaks or tree stand ageing did not lead totransition to other forest associations.Atendency can yet be noticed of losing a part of the species combinations characteristicfor the associations or higher syntaxonomic units, which might be linked with the stopping of grazing in the forests and developmentof the undergrowth of tall herb character.The association of the fir-and-spruce forests in the lower montane belt displayed much bigger changes. There was an increaseof the role of species of the deciduous forests, while the role of the coniferous forest species was limited in the studiedpatches, which clearly indicates the evolution of the forests towards the beech woods, typical for the lower montane belt.This means a progressing limitation of the spruce forests in the limestone Tatras to the advantage of return of the beechwoodsdominated there in older time.
关键词：spruce forests; Polish Tatra Mts.; floristic changes during 80 years; vegetation typology
