摘要：The article based on the archival material deals with the healthcare system in the Caucasus at the beginning of the XX century. In writing this article, the authors made use of reports from national archives of Georgia (Tbilisi, Georgia), the archival department of administration of Sochi (Sochi, Russian Federation). There is given the statistics from the works of Russian and foreign authors, and also reference literature. The authors’ use of the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematic, the integrated consideration of socio-subjective in the subject of study and the maximum possible neutrality of the relationship of the researcher to interpret and evaluate the factual material. In conclusion, the authors stated that in the late of XIX – early XX centuries the healthcare system in the Caucasus has experienced a period of significant development. In this time, taking into account the regional peculiarities, there were developed the institutions of the health system, and have been taken measures of anti-epidemic struggle. Despite the difficulties of conducting the health activities in a multinational region the Russian administration managed to significantly reduce the number of patients in the Caucasus.
