摘要：The heavy metal contamination from an occupational origin is of major concern due to its accumulation in living organisms leading to long term toxic effects. The present study estimated the quantities of manganese and chromium in blood, urine, and hair of welders and non-welders (n = 25) (ages ranged from 16 to 50 years) in Lahore, Pakistan. The results indicated that both manganese and chromium were higher in all the samples compared to the international norms by world health organization (WHO), (i.e., 20-80 ppb in blood, 1-8 ppb in urine, and 300 ppb in hair for manganese while 20-50 ppb in blood, 0.24-1.8 ppb in urine and 100-1000 ppb in hair respectively). Though one of the subject was of 50 years and had 32 years of experience, his manganese and chromium amounts were less because he was the owner of the shop and was currently less exposed to the fumes. The statistical data was in accordance with the finding of the study; whereas control group showed manganese and chromium levels within limits.
