出版社：The International Institute for Science, Technology and Education (IISTE)
摘要：In the framework of the investment plan, the government of Egypt introduced an accelerated development of Hurghada in collaboration with the private sector, as early as 1980's. The government intended to construct tourist resort communities, which required establishment of infrastructures. The demand of such facilities, in absence of enforced environmental roles led owners to implement processes of landfilling and dredging for the purpose of smoothing, paving and widening the beach in order to construct swimming pools, marinas and other recreational facilities. Such activities came on the expense of the marine ecosystem and especially assault on the coral reef communities. For monitoring and assessing such oppressive activities; MSS, TM, ETM+, and SPOT XS 4 satellite images acquired during 1972, 1984, 1992, 2004 and 2011. Shoreline change detection from 1972 to 2011 reveals landfilling of some 7.56Km 2 and dredging of 2.67km 2 , with loss of 5.34km 2 of the reef tracts. At the same period, the region has witnessed expansions in urban and road network by 16.47km 2 and 8.738km 2 respectively. The Egyptian government issued the essential laws for regulating and saving the coastal ecosystem, yet mostly violated. Activation of such laws, applying judicial officers, toughening penalties and establishment of coastal building front line (CBFL), and a reef protection line (RPL) are important tasks especially south of Hurghada to the Egyptian-Sudanese borders to preserve the remnants of such unique coastal ecosystem.
