标题：Okullarin Mali Durumlarina ve Bütçe Yönetiminde Yaşanan Sorunlara İlişkin Müdür Görüşleri/School Principals’ Views on the Financial Conditions of Schools and the Budget Problems
期刊名称：e-International Journal of Educational Research
印刷版ISSN：1309-6265
出版年度：2015
卷号：6
期号：1
DOI：10.19160/e-ijer.17651
语种：
出版社：E-International Journal of Educational Research
摘要：Özet Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, okulların mali durumunu ve bu alanda yaşanan sorunları okul müdürlerinin görüşlerine dayalı olarak belirlemektir. Araştırmada; okulların gelir kaynakları ve giderleri ile okullarda bütçe yönetimine ilişkin yaşanan sorunlar, okul müdürlerinin bütçe yönetimine ilişkin sahip olması gereken yeterlilikler, okul-aile birliklerinin okul bütçesine katkısı ve okulların giderlerini karşılayabilecek kaynakların oluşturulması için yol ve yöntemlerin neler olabileceğinin belirlenmesi alt amaçlar olarak alınmıştır. Nitel araştırma yöntem ve tekniklerinden yararlanılan bu çalışmada, verilerin elde edilmesi için farkında olduğumuz ancak derinlemesine ve ayrıntılı bir anlayışa sahip olmadığımız olgulara odaklanılmasını sağlayan olgubilim deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, odak grup görüşmesi tekniği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda araştırmaya katılan okul müdürlerinin büyük bir çoğunluğunun okulların giderlerinin gelirlerinden fazla olduğu, okul müdürlerinin bütçe yönetimine ilişkin pek çok alanda sorunlar yaşadığı, okul-aile birliklerinin okula katkılarının okul yönetimlerine sorun oluşturduğu görüşünde oldukları belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Okul, Okul bütçesi, Bütçe yönetimi, Okul müdürleri Extended Purpose: School administrators may face some problems during daily routine of a school day which can inhibit the quality of educational and instructional activities. Considering the definition of the school management, principals need to manage physical resources and human resources in an effective and productive manner while trying to achieve the goals of the schools and educational system. The budget management and financial issues can be regarded as both cause and solution for physical sources-related problems since principals should meet the needs of school staff and students including heating, lighting, office stationery (paper, chalk etc.), sanitary materials, safety and security measures, maintenance and repairment of the devices and facilities, arranging social and cultural activities etc.Yet, in Turkish education system, most of the schools (especially primary and lower secondary schools) do not have any direct funding opportunities to fulfil aforementioned requirements. Therefore the main purpose of this research is to determine the school principals’ views on the financial conditions of the schools and the budget problems they encountered. It was also aimed to explore the participating principals’ views on (a) incomes and expenses of the schools, (b) the problems encountered during budget management, (c) required skills for the school principals regarding budget management, (d) effects of parent-teacher associations on the school budget and, (e) alternative methods for covering the expenses of the schools. Method: A phenomenological, qualitative research design was employed in this study to explore the essence of shared views on the financial problems encountered by school principals. The data was collected using the focus group interviews with the principals of primary (n=6) and secondary (n=6) schools located in Malatya, a city located in the eastern part of Turkey. Before focus group interviews, appointments with all the participants were arranged by phone and consents of principals were granted. Interviews with two focus groups each including six principals, were conducted.At the interviews, the second author moderated the conversations and the other authors took the task of controlling of the recorder and taking notes of important discussions. After the interviews completed, interviews were transcribed and transcriptions were given to each of the participants. In the coding, each interviewed principal were given a code number.Based on the research questions, content analysis was carried out to identify the themes.Sentences thought to be used as a direct quotation are identified and mentioned in the related parts in findings. Findings: According to the participating principals, there is an imbalance between the incomes and expenses of the schools. Due to this imbalance, the school principals experience some challenges. Some principals, for example, stated that they devote most of their time and energy to find and arrange financial support to school, and dealing with the financial problems restrain them from fulfilling other important responsibilities such as leading instruction. According to the responses of the participants, the maximum expense items for the schools are include buying security, cleaning and repairment services, maintaining technological devices such as surveillance cameras, computers, and printers. All of the participants stated that schools mostly survive with the financial support of parent-school associations. But some principals also pointed out that, they have some challenges while gaining the support of parents due to negative attitudes and mistrust between schools. One of the important finding of the current study was participants’ views on the principals’ skills about budget management. Principals of both primary and secondary schools express that they do not have enough knowledge and skills on preparing and managing budget. Therefore they suggested that novice school principals should attend pre-service or in-service education programs including budget management and legal issues. Participating principals also offered alternative ways to improve the school budget including using of school yards, walls and web pages for commercial advertisement purposes. Discussions & Suggestions: Infrastructures and physical conditions of school environments should be improved in order to realize the educational goals. It is, however, a difficult job for school principals to improve school environments without any financial support. In Turkish education system, most of the schools and also principals are left alone regarding financial issues. Central or local authorities meet only the basic needs of schools including heating, lighting, and water expenses. Therefore schools try to survive and attain the educational goals with the devoted efforts of school principals and teachers with the financial and moral support of parent-school associations. However, using parents as a resource for school budget may have negative effects on school-family relationships. Therefore policy makers should try to find new ways to improve financial conditions of schools. It can be asserted that increasing the allocated money for education from government budget and distributing it to the individual schools in a systematic and fair manner (i.e. such as school size, location, achievement etc.) would have positive effects on schools. Lastly, a school based, democratic, and transparent management approach should be adopted in order to meet the needs of schools.
关键词：Okul; Okul bütçesi; Bütçe yönetimi; Okul müdürleri
