摘要：Abstract A group of seasonal hindcast experiments are conducted using a coupled model known as the Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System Model-gamil1.11 (FGOALS-g1.11) developed at the State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG). Two steps are included in our El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) hindcast experiments. The first step is to integrate the coupled GCM with the Sea Surface Temperature (SST) strongly nudged towards the observation from 1971 to 2006. The second step is to remove the SST nudging term. The authors carried out a one-year hindcast by adopting the initial values from SST nudging experiments from the first step on January 1st, April 1st, July 1st, and October 1st from 1982 to 2005. In the SST nudging experiment, the model can reproduce the observed equatorial thermocline anomalies and zonal wind stress anomalies in the Pacific, which demonstrates that the SST nudging approach can provide realistic atmospheric and oceanic initial conditions for seasonal prediction experiments. The model also demonstrates a high Anomaly Correlation Coefficient (ACC) score for SST in most of the tropical Pacific, Atlantic Ocean, and some Indian Ocean regions with a 3-month lead. Compared with the persistence ACC score, this model shows much higher ACC scores for the Niño-3.4 index for a 9-month lead.
